Adrenal Glands

Our body is composed of two adrenals glands. They are located just above our kidney.
Each gland is composed of two parts: the inner layer, called the adrenal medulla, and the outer layer, called adrenal cortex.

The Adrenal Medulla


The adrenal medulla produces two very related hormones: epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). These hormones are responsible for short-term responses, which is also referred to as the fight-or-flight response. These hormones increase the breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to the heart, dilation of the pupils and etc.

The Adrenal Cortex

• Cortisol: When brain interpreters a situation as dangerous, the hypothalamus secretes the hormone ACTH that targets the adrenal cortex, which cause the release of the stress hormone cortisol. It breaks down the protein of the muscles into amino acids, and also lipids.
• Aldosterone: It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb sodium into the bloodstream, which will eventually raise the blood pressure. If the Aldosterone be damaged, it will cause the Addison's disease that will cause weight loss, sodium-potassium  irregular and etc.